- Nature of Language
- Language in spoken and written modes
- Language as text—philological and literary notions (norm, purity)
- Language as cultural heritage—codification, knowledge transmission
- Language and social identity
- Language as an object: autonomy, structure, units
- Design features of language
- Writing systems: alphabetic, syllabic, logographic, sign language
- Language faculty and linguistic competence
- Approaches to Language Study
- Ancient Indian and Greco-Roman approaches
- Semiotic approach
- Language as social behavior and communication (emotive, conative, referential, poetic, metalinguistic, phatic)
- Language as a cognitive system; culture and thought (Linguistic Relativity)
- Saussurean dichotomies
- Language Analysis
- Hierarchy of levels: phonetic, morphological, syntactic, semantic/pragmatic
- Contrast, complementation, -emic and -etic categories
- Rule notion; description vs explanation
- Linguistics and Other Fields
- Philosophy, Anthropology, Sociology, Neurology, etc.
Language and Linguistics
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