People:
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Ferdinand De Saussure
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C.S. Peire
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Claude Levi Strass
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Vladimir Propp
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A.J Greimas
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Gerard Genette
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mikhail Bhakin
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Roland Berthes
Everything has a structure, and the meaning is the whole of the constituents.
An Extended form of New Criticism.
Fredinand de Saussure
Swiss, 19th C.
Influenced by: Emily Dukheim, Carl Jung, Max Weber, Henri Bergson, August Leskien, Heinrick Zimmer, Hermann Oldenberg, Panini
Influenced: Noam Chomsky, Roland Barthes, Jacques Darrida, Michel Foucault, Emile Benveniste, Algirdas Julien Greimas, William Labov
Ideas:
Structural Linguistics
Semiology
Langue – the set of rules to combine word into sentence.
Parole – use of words in particular contexts .
Signified and Signified
Synchrony and Diachrony
Linguistic sign
Semiotic arbitrariness
Laryngeal theory
Diachronic study
Works:
A Course in General Linguistics – 1915(English translation-1957)
Arguments
Words existed in relation to other words
Meaning of one word is dependent to other words.
The relation between word and meaning is arbitrary.
Three principles of language: Arbitrariness, Relationality, Systematicality
Points
Saussure’s ideas appropriated by: European and Russian Formalism.