Gothic Novels:

Horace Walpole (1717-1797)

1. Born on 24th September, 1717 in Arlington Street, Westminister, London.
2. Was tutored at home before entered into the Eton College in 1727. and then to Kings College.
3. After death of mother he went to a grand tour of the continent. He developed friendship with British Ministers to the court of Juscany and Lady Mary Worley Montagu. After returning to England, he became a member of the Parliament.
4. In 1745, Sir Robert Walpole, father of Horace Walpole died leaving a large inheritence.
5. He establishes a printing press at his ancestral estate “Strew berry Hills” This building inspired in the Gothic revival of the 18th century.
6. Works:
   1. The Castle of Ortanto (1764)
      1. First Gothic novel
      2. Walpole  claimed that he had a dream while at Strawberry Hill that led to his writing of The Castle of Otranto.
   2. Three Princes of Serendip
   3. Life and Reign of King Richard III (1768)
   4. On Modern gardening 1780
   5. A Description of the Villa
   6. Mr Horace Walpole (1784)

Ann Redcliffe (1764-1823)

1. Pioneer of the Gothic Novel
2. Was born as Ann Ward in Holborn, London in 1764.
3. Attended a school run by Harriet and sophia Lee, who were the innovators of the Gothic Drama and fiction.
4. At the age of 22, married to Journal William Redcliffe, owner and editor of the English Chronicle, in Bath 1788. The marriage was chilless and Ann started writing fiction to amuse herself. Her husband also encouraged her writing.
5. she never appeared in public, in late life suffered from asthama
6. Works:
   1. First two novels published anonymously:
      1. the Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne (1789)
      2. A Sicilian Romance (1790)
   2. Anne ascribed her name to the most famous work: the Mysteries of Udolpo (1794)
      1. and received 500 pounds for it.
      2. The novel was the tale of a robber Baron’s castle on Rhine and the dark deeds that haunted it.
   3. A Journey Through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany1795
      1. travelogue
   4. The italian

Matthew Gregory Lewis (1775-1818)

Mary Shelley (1797-1851)

The Jacobin Novels

Thomas Holcroft (1745-1809)

Elizabeth Inchbald (1753-1821)

William Godwin (1756-1836)

Mary Wollstoncraft (1759-1797)

Mary Hays (1759-1843)

Second Stage of Novel Writing

Fanny Burney (1752-1840)

Maria Edgeworth (1768 – 1849)

Walter Scott (1771-1832)

Novels of Manners

Jane Austen (1775-1817)

Thomas Love Peacock (1785-1866)