To Read
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Language
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Features of language
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Main components of language
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Basic concepts: Idiolect, Dialect, language
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Descriptive and Prescriptive
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Origin and development of language
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Language acquisition
Definitions of language
Features of language:
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means of communication and self expression
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displacement
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Arbitrariness
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non-instinctive conventional
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duality of structure: sound and meaning
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verbal symbolism
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social phenomenon
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human entity
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creative, complex, extendable and modifiable
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structurally complex
4 components of language
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Listening
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Speaking
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Reading
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Writing
Basic Concepts:
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Idiolect
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Dialect
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Language
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Pidgin
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Diachronic and synchronic
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Langue and Parole
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Competence and performance
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Descriptive and prescriptive
Origin and Development of language:
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The Bow-wow theory
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The Pooh-Pooh theory
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The Ding-dong theory
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The Yo-He-Ho Theory
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The Ta Ta Theory
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The La La Theory
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Gestural Theory
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The Music Theory
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The Contract Theory
Language Learning and Teaching Approaches:
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The Communicative Approach or Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
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The Structural Approach
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The Oral Approach or Situational Language Teaching
Methods of Language Teaching:
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Direct Method
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Grammar Translation Method
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Audio-Lingual Method
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Total Physical Response (TPR)
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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
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The Silent Way
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Community Language Learning
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Immersion
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Task-based Language Learning
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The Natural Approach
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The Lexical Syllabus
Language Acquisition: Stages of language acquisition:
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Babbling Stage: Learning the sound system of a language
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Holophrastic Stage: Learning the Syntax and Semantics of Language
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The Two-World Stage: Learning the Grammar of a Language
Theories of Language Acquisition
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Behaviourism
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Mentalism
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Behavioural (Empirical) Approach
Factors Influencing the Language Acquisition
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Receptive Language before Expressive Language
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Environmental Influences on Language Acquisition
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Neutral networks
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Biological Influences of Language Acquisition
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Biology and environment
Pedagogy
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Linguistic Principles of Teaching English
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General Princiipals of Teaching a foreign Language
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Follow the Natural Way
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Principles of the Formation of Habits
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Practice
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The method of teaching English adopted at present in school curriculum is functional communicative approach
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FAC is opposite to Structural Approach
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Communicative language Teaching replaces Structural teachng
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Direct method is also known as natural method
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Grammar translation method stresses on: accuracy
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Grammar translation method is used to teach: classical language
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The objective of direct method: to develop a command over the target language
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Grammar translation method is used to: enhance a student’s communication skills
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Traditional method goes against the pedagogic principles
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The incidental or Correlative Method is known as: Inductive***
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Journey from example to generalization is : inductive method
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Inductive method: known to unknown, simple to complex
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Deductive method proceeds from: generalization to specification, law and rule to observation
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One of the principles of materials preparation of language learning is that grading of the material can be chosen
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Correct pronounciation of individual sound is related to accuracy
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Language acquisition occurs only when: the child has exposure to the language.
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When a child is asked to recite a poem, it can help the teacher to test: comprehension
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The structure ‘he goes to school’ is often produced by learners due to over generalizations of rules
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For teaching grammar, the best grammar that a teacher can use is: pedagogic grammar
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A test opf listening comprehension is a test of: receptive skill
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Organisation of arguments and ideas in paragraphs is an important aspect of: writing personal letters
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Brain storming means: to collect all ideas on a topic
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Interective listening is listening and responding
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Reading skils can be developed best by: focusing on the use of words from context in the text
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Mother tongue influence can be effectively minimised in the classroom by: giving inputs from the target language in a simple graded manner.