Part 1 of The Constiturion

Article 1 :

1. 1. India as a Union of States rather of Federation of States
   2. Constitution is Federal in structure
   3. 3 types of Indian territories
      1. Territories of the States: 28 states
      2. Union Territory : 9 UT
      3. Territories that may be acquired by GoI at any time.
2. Special provision under part XXI applicable to:
   1. Maharastra
   2. Gujarat
   3. Nagaland
   4. Assam
   5. Manipur
   6. Andhra Pradesh
   7. Telengana
   8. Sikkim
   9. Mizoram
   10. Arunachal Pradesh
   11. Goa
   12. Karnataka
3. 5th & 6th Schedule contain separate provisions with respect to the administration of Scheduled areas & tribal areas within the states.
4. Being a sovereign state India, according to international law can acquire foreign territories by
   1. CESSION:
      1. following treaty,
      2. purchase,
      3. gift,
      4. ease,
      5. plebiscite
   2. Occupation
   3. Conquest or subjugation
      1. e.g Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman & Diu, Puducherry, Sikkim

Article 2:

1. Parliament can
   1. admit into Union of India new states
   2. establish new states

Article 3

1. Internal re-adjustment interse of the territories of the constituent states of Union of India. It authorises the Parliament to
   1. Form new states by separation of territories from any state or by uniting two or more states or by uniting any territory to a part of any state.
   2. increase the area of any state.
   3. diminish the area of any state.
   4. alter the boundaries of any state.
   5. alter the name of any state.

• 100th CA Act 2015 : India transferred 111 enclaves to Bangladesh, Bangladesh transferred 51 enclaves.
• India Bangladesh Boundary:
  • 4096.7 kms
  • determined as per Redcliff Award 1947
  • Bagge Award 1950 to resolve the disputes aroused for Redcliff Award.
  • Nehru Noon Agreement 958
  • Berubari Union: 9th CA Act 1960
• Integration of Princely States
  • 549/552 joined India
  • Remaining 3: Hyderabad, Junagarh, Kashmir
• Dhar Commission / Linguistic Provinces Commission  July 1948
• JVP Commission/ LPC December 1948: Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallahbhai Patel, Pattabhi Sitaramayana
  • Submitted report in April 1949, rejecting language as the basis for reorganization of states.
  • Though 1st Andhra State,Telegu speaking area separated from Madhya states.
• Fazi Ali Commission-Dec, 1953
  • Fazi Ali – Chairman
  • K.M Panikkar
  • H.N Kunzru
    • Submitted its report in 1955,sept. accepted language as the basis of reorganization, but rejected the theory of “One State,One Language”
• The States Reorganization Act (1956)
• States & UTs created after 1956

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