a. Indian and Islamic Contributions
- Indian philosophies: Sankhya, Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism
- Vidya and Dayanand Darshan
- Islamic traditions in education: aims and valid knowledge
b. Western Philosophical Schools
- Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism, Existentialism
- Contributions to knowledge and education
c. Sociology of Education
- Approaches: Symbolic Interaction, Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory
- Social institutions: family, school, society
- Social movements: theories and concepts
d. Education and Social Change
- Socialization, education-culture relationship
- Thinkers: Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi, Aurobindo, Krishnamurthy, Freire, Wollstonecraft, Noddings, Phule
- National values from Constitution
